Charles A. Sanders, M.D.

Dr. Sanders has served as a director since May 1997 and as chairman of the board of directors since October 2005. Dr. Sanders retired in 1995. Dr. Sanders served as chairman and chief executive officer of Glaxo Inc., a pharmaceutical company, from 1989 to May 1995, and also served as a member of the board of directors of Glaxo plc. Previously, Dr. Sanders was general director of Massachusetts General Hospital and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sanders is a director of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated; Genentech, Inc.; and Cephalon, Inc., all publicly traded biotechnology companies, and LipoScience Inc., a private medical technology company, and Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a private specialty pharmaceuticals company. He is currently a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, a member of the CSIS Board of Trustees, chairman of Project HOPE and chairman of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Sanders is also past chairman of the New York Academy of Sciences, past chairman of The Commonwealth Fund and past chairman of the Overseers Committee to Visit the Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sanders received his M.D. from Southwestern Medical College of the University of Texas.